Hi,
The programming language is C++. You may not have to play with the rtabmap code directly, as you can use the nodes directly. There are many demos on this page:
http://wiki.ros.org/rtabmap_ros. Install the package binaries
after installing ROS:
$ sudo apt-get install ros-indigo-rtabmap-ros
For theory about RTAB-Map, you can read the
referred papers.
So you will need to learn about ROS and C++/Python programming if you want to implement new ROS nodes, refer to hyperlinks in the previous post. RTAB-Map can be implemented on any robots.
cheers