For documentation about rtabmap_ros, visit
http://wiki.ros.org/rtabmap_ros and click on corresponding packages for service and parameters description. This is ROS1 documentation, but the ROS2 implementation follows exactly the same interface, so the doc is still valid for ROS2.
You can explicitly set "database_path" parameter, which is set to "~/.ros/rtabmap.db" by default. See
http://wiki.ros.org/rtabmap_slam